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How does a couple Conceive ? The reproductive period of a woman begins at Menarche and ends in Menopause. Fertilization (Union of Male Sperm with Female egg) usually occurs 14 days prior to the expected missed period and in a previously normal cycle of 28 days duration. It is about 14 days after the first day of the period, fertilization occurs at the ampulla part of the Fallopian tube. the ovum finds its way to the  uterine tube & unites with the healthy male sperm, if available. After that embryo forms & implants in the posterior wall of fundus & grows in the uterine cavity thereafter . So far this natural conception to occur the gross criteria would be: Uterine configuration should be normal The fallopian tubes must be patent. Ovaries must be functional. Adequate healthy sperms should be available for fertilization.   Infertility ? Infertility is defined as a failure to conceive within one or more years of regular unprotected intercourse. Primary infertility denotes those who have never conceived. Secondary infertility indicates previous pregnancy but failure to conceive subsequently within one or more years of unprotected regular intercourse. Incidence ? 80% of couples achieve conception if they desire so, within one of having regular intercourse with adequate frequency (4-5times a week). Another 10% will achieve the objective by the end of second year. As such, 10% remain infertile by the end of second year. Factors responsible for fertility are ? Healthy spermatozoa should be deposited high in the vagina. The spermatozoa remain healthy and penetrate into the uterine cavity and thence into the uterine tubes. The ovum finds its way into the uterine tube where it can be fertilized by a spermatozoa. The fertilized ovum migrates into the uterus where the endometrium must be in a congenial state, suitable for the nidation and subsequent development. Overall causes of infertility:        An ovulation /ovarian failure ----------------------------21%.  Unexplained infertility-------------------------------------27%.  Male factor----------------------------------------------------24%.  Tubal factor---------------------------------------------------14%.  Endometriosis-----------------------------------------------06%.  Hostile mucus-----------------------------------------------03%.  Others----------------------------------------------------------05%.